Datapoint Basque / Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns

Language:Basque
Feature:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns by Johannes Helmbrecht
Value:Binary politeness distinction

Notes

hi

2nd sg. fam.

zu

2nd sg. hon.

- etymologically, this is a 2nd pl pronoun; there is

another 2nd pl pronoun with no politeness meaning;

- there are special forms for 1st and 3rd persons verbs

which indicate whether the speaker uses a 2nd polite or

a 2nd familiar pronoun to address the hearer (this is a

different type of marking politeness than by

pronominal distinctions

zuek

2nd pl.

-historically, this form might be a combination of 2nd

pl zu + erg case marker -ek; evidence for this

hypothesis is that zuek is nominative and active

(Lafitte's terminology) while all other pronouns

distinguish these cases

References