Datapoint Kannada / Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns

Language:Kannada
Feature:Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns by Johannes Helmbrecht
Value:Multiple politeness distinctions

Notes

avaru

2nd sg. hon.

- derives from a 3rd person pl remote pronoun;

- addressee is a member of the upper cast; children to

father but not to mother; wife to husband but not vice

versa; equal and higher rank;

- used in uncertain situation, unmarked form

ivaru

2nd sg. hon.

- notes see avaru

ni:nu

2nd sg. intim.

- used among equal rank persons who are intimate or

to adress lower rank persons; children to mother and

vice versa; within families, kinship is addressed or

referred to by the familiar (singular) forms

ni:vu

2nd sg. hon.

- used to express politeness to higher ranking people;

- members of higher castes have to be adressed with

honorific form; Wife to husband (but not vice versa);

Children to father (but not vice versa); used among

equal rank persons who do not know each other very

well

ta:vu

2nd sg. hhon.

- ultrahonorific; derives from a 3rd person reflexive

nominative pl pronoun

References