Language: | Polish |
Feature: | Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns by Johannes Helmbrecht |
Value: | Binary politeness distinction |
Pan | 2nd sg. hon. | - masculine polite form of address in Polish urban areas; - generally used to address adult strangers; there is no asymmetry in the use of Pan/ Pani versus ty(2sg.fam) |
Pani | 2nd sg. hon. | - feminine polite form of address in Polish urban areas; - generally used to address adult strangers; there is no asymmetry in the use of Pan/ Pani versus ty(2sg.fam) |
Panie | 2nd pl. hon. | - feminine plural polite address form |
Panowie | 2nd pl. hon. | - masculine plural polite address form |
Państwo | 2nd pl. hon. | - this form is used if men and women belong to the group to be politely addressed; corresponds to the French Messieurs-dames |
ty | 2nd sg. fam. | - regular familiar 2nd person pronoun used for addreessing children and close kins |
wy | 2nd pl. fam. | - in urban environments, wy is used as 2nd plural intimate form of address |
wy | 2nd sg. hon. | - in all rural dialects of Polish, this is the polite formof address; - it is also used as the ideologically prefered form of address among the members of the Polish United Workers' Party;in urban environments, wy is used as 2nd plural intimateform of address |